如何鼓励儿童成长心态

Growth mindset in children is a concept 那 is becoming more popular...in schools and with parents. It is the understanding 那 the brain can grow and change versus a fixed mindset 那 is predetermined and is set in stone, no matter what you do. Basically, it is how you face challenges and set-backs.

​儿童的成长心态可以增强他们的能力，并极大地影响他们的成功和幸福。

斯坦福大学教授卡罗尔·德威克（Carol Dweck）提出了这种儿童成长观念的概念。经过数十年的研究，她发现了心态力量的开创性想法。她阐明了书中的概念， 心态：成功的新心理，并展示了心态如何极大地影响在学校，工作和生活中的成功。

Research in neuroscience has shown 那 the brain is actually even more malleable than previously thought. Your experiences can impact the connections between neurons in the brain. What does 那 mean for your adopted or foster child? It actually is good news. New neuron pathways can be made and existing ones can become stronger.

在接受采访时 大西洋组织，卡罗尔·德威克（Carol Dweck）谈到了固定观念与成长观念之间的差异。

“当学生有更多固定的心态时—the idea 那 abilities are carved in stone, 那 you have a certain amount and 那’s 那—they saw challenges as risky. They could fail, and their basic abilities would be called into question. When they hit obstacles, setbacks, or criticism, this was just more proof 那 they didn’t have the abilities 那 they cherished.
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相反，当学生更多地具有成长心态时，他们认为可以发展才能和能力，而挑战是做到这一点的方法。学习新事物，艰苦事物，坚持不懈—that’您如何变得更聪明。挫折和反馈’关于您的能力，它们是您可以用来帮助自己学习的信息。有了成长的心态，孩子们就不会’t necessarily think 那 there’s no such thing as talent or 那 everyone is the same, but they believe everyone can develop their abilities through hard work, strategies, and lots of help and mentoring from others."

儿童的固定心态和成长心态是什么样的：

固定心态

• 避免挑战 
• 轻易放弃
• 对错误感到不好
• 缺乏自信
• 隐藏挣扎

成长心态

• 迎接挑战
  
• 不断尝试
  
• 从错误中学习
  
• 自信心
• 愿意寻求帮助
  

对于那些谁’ve been impacted by 外伤, a fixed mindset is fairly common. They may falsely believe 那 things just happen to them, 那 they don’没有改变事物的能力或力量。他们的所作所为和想法如何影响他们的生活。
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现在的问题…您如何培养儿童的成长心态？

鼓励儿童成长心态的7种方法

1. Tell your child (over and over) 那 brain can get stronger.       
谈论大脑如何像肌肉一样工作。您使用得越多，就像运动一样，它就越强大。

2. Embrace mistakes.       
Mistakes are okay. In fact, 那’学习真正发生的地方。您可能听过这句话“你赢了或者你学了。”这种思维方式是可以模仿并大声说出来的。当您犯错时，谈论它并分享您学到的知识。当您的孩子犯错时，不要’t criticize.      Steer the conversation to what was learned. And remind your child 那 mistakes are opportunities to learn.

3. 教孩子的力量。
在句子的末尾添加一个小单词会发送一个有力的信息。“I don’t know how to do 那”与“I don’t know how to do 那 yet.” Yet sends the message 那 I will be able to do 那 or 那 I can learn how to do 那.

4. Praise…but be specific
Instead of praising a general statement such as "you are smart" or "you did a good job", be specific. "You studied hard for your test." "You were persistent, and kept trying even when it was challenging." "You found a new way to solve the math problem." Specific praise shows 那 the effort was noticed, not just the result. 

5.成为榜样       
You know, walk the walk and talk the talk. Use growth mindset concepts and language in what you do and say. Our children are watching and listening, and often 那 can be the easiest way for them to learn these concepts. And..an added benefit is 那 a growth mindset is good for you too!

6. 让您的孩子设置S.M.A.R.T.目标              
S.M.A.R.T. is an acronym 那 works good for goal settign S.M.A.R.T Goals are:

• S =具体：想想Ws。谁，什么，何时何地
• M =可衡量：我如何知道自己是否达到了目标？
• A =可实现：现实吗？我能做到吗？
• R =相关： 有什么帮助？有什么好处？
• T =及时：我什么时候可以做到这一点？

7. 日志记录
日志记录 可以成为成长心态的绝佳工具。我们真的很喜欢 大生活期刊。日记以及积极的肯定为学习和实践儿童成长思维方式提供了场所。

成长心态是一个过程。这不只是发生。它需要教学，鼓励和实践。但是...值得付出努力。它会直接影响孩子的学习，成功和幸福。